Understanding Colorimetry Chemistry

Understanding Colorimetry ChemistryIf you are wondering how colorimetry chemistry works, you will be pleased to know that this wonderful science is a very broad topic. It not only deals with the physical properties of certain materials but also with how colors are created. It is an important component of all forms of chemical engineering and it can be applied to a wide variety of areas.Colors are formed by the intensity of light, the wavelength, and the intensity of the scattering of light by the surface. Some materials react to light in a similar way and create hues in their appearance that are identical to their original color. These are called members and they are created by the crystallization of iron (Fe) and the presence of oxygen (O2).Other materials actually change their colors due to different factors. One of these is the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. UV light can be absorbed by many substances but the dominant substance for absorption is iron (Fe) which absorbs the U V energy. However, if a substance contains zinc, the amount of absorption is decreased while the overall color remains the same.The color of the object is affected by the materials that compose it. A piece of jewelry or a picture that is painted bright yellow will still look yellow when someone touches it. The reason for this is that some components within the object absorb the yellow light while others absorb blue light.Colors in the sky, plants, animals, and even people have many factors in common. The overall color of a particular body part, such as a head, is determined by a combination of its hues and the surroundings it is exposed to. For example, if a person is painted white and exposed to direct sunlight, the color of the sun's rays will be reflected from the skin. This color will appear on the surface of the body.Plants are another area where colorimetry chemistry takes place. This is done by the particles that make up them. The colors that we see are the results of the pig ments within the plant's cells and the particular properties of those pigments.Colorimetry chemistry can be applied to a wide variety of applications. The beauty of its potential applications is shown by its long and successful history and that there are now even books devoted to the subject.

10 Common Italian Stereotypes That Are Actually True

10 Common Italian Stereotypes That Are Actually True Brooke Neuman Italy, the land of contemporary fashion, historical art and men who adore their mothers, hand-gesturing enthusiasts, and gatherings about Dante? Actually, yes! While most Italian stereotypes are inaccuratefor example, all Italians are not mobsters and the men dont look like Super Mariothere are  a handful of stereotypes that hold some small kernel of truth. Below are the  10 most common Italian stereotypes that are actually true. 10 Common Italian Stereotypes 1. Italians Cant Live Without Pasta Italians live for foodin particular pasta. In fact, Italians consume the most pasta in the world, averaging 60 pounds a year for every man, woman, and child in the country. While most Americans cook dry pasta out of a box, Italians make pasta with precision from scratch. This dedication to quality plus the fact that Italians are the top consumers of pasta, makes Italy the champion of pasta. 2. Italians  Talk With Their Hands What if you could  communicate with someone only through hand gestures? Well, in Italy, you can! Italians use hand gestures to  enliven conversations, strengthen their point, and communicate on a non-verbal level. Theres a running joke in Italy that you can understand a conversation thats out of hearing range just from watching  someones  hand gestures. This endearing habit makes Italians some of the most expressive and passionate  speakers in the world. 3. Italians are All About La  Famiglia Family is so important in Italy that youll find that many Italians either live close to their parents or in the same house. In fact, its common for adults in their  20s and 30s to live with their parents. The  ties that bind families together are undeniably strong. Families often gather weekly for a meal or  stay in close contact. And yes, mamma rules the roost. 4. Italians are Habitually Late Everything in Italy happens on its own timeline, including work and appointments. If you comment on someones tardiness, most Italians will tell you that they just wanted to stop for  a coffee or smoke a cigarette before arriving, and that they were in fact on timeItalian time! This relaxed mindset can also be seen on the streets, as most people walk at a relatively leisurely pace. While habitual lateness is viewed as a negative thing in the United States, in Italy it is a reflection of taking life slowly and appreciating the moment. 5. Italians are Die-hard Football  Fans Juventus, Milan, Interâ€"these are just a few of the most famous names youll hear being thrown around when Italians are discussing football. Italians take soccer very seriously, and when theres a game on, all attention is directed toward it. Italians cant get enough of football because its a  chance for them to unite with their local team and express their regional pride. Since Italy was first composed of individual regions, Italians mostly identify with their regional culture rather than with Italy as a whole. 6. Italians Love a Good Cappuccino Breakfast in Italy is sacred. Unlike a  typical American breakfast, which includes eggs, bacon, and toast, an authentic Italian breakfast usually includes a cornetto (similar to a croissant) and a cappuccino. The quality of cappuccino in Italy, and coffee in general, is taken very seriously as well. Italians love the mix of coffee, milk and foam, and its an art in itself. Italians will travel blocks to find the best cappuccino. 7. Italians are Obsessed with Fashion Like coffee, fashion is wildly popular in Italy. Just look at all of the famous designers that hail from Italy, including Prada, Armani, Versacethe list goes on. Italians feel an obligation to fare la bella figura, or appear nicely in all respects, and fashion is a big component of that. While everything doesnt have to be designer, Italians like to wear high-quality fabrics.  Individualism is also valued in Italy, and men arent afraid to wear bright colors. In fact, dont be surprised if you  see men wearing orange, blue, or pink pants. 8. Italians Arent Scared of Public Affection Italians are no strangers to affection. In fact, its very common to see lovers embracing and kissing one another in public. Whats more, dont be  surprised to see two male friends expressing affection by walking closely together, perhaps with one arm across the others back for a few moments as they talk  and stroll. The warmth and outgoing nature of Italian culture encourages the expression of emotions, whether its crying, screaming, or showing affection. This is one of the reasons why Italians greet one another with the  classic kissing of the cheeks. 9. Italians Love  the  Opera A nation riveted by Puccini, Rossini and Bellini, Italians love the opera. Hordes of people  attend outdoor performances in amphitheaters, and its not surprising to find people discussing their favorite opera composer or the last performance they saw. Italians are very well-versed in opera and have strong opinions about the art form. Opera is similar to soccer in terms of  its widespread appreciation, attendance, and passion. It also showcases the beauty of the Italian language, which is another reason why it is beloved throughout Italy. 10. Italians Cant Get Enough of Dantes Divine Comedy Ask any Italian to recite the Divine Comedy and chances are they will be able to recite at least  some, if not a substantial amount. Italians are required to dedicate a significant amount of time studying each part of the Divine Comedyâ€"Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise. Dante is idolized in Italy for writing in the most purest form of Italian, the Tuscan dialect.  The famed poet  is so popular youll  find societies devoted to studying the  medieval text. Well, there you have it. Can you think of any more Italian stereotypes we should add to the list? Do you agree or disagree with some of them? Let us know in the comments below! Post Author:  Nadia B. Nadia B. teaches Italian in New York, NY. She graduated summa cum laude from New York University, with a double degree in Italian Language and Literature and Classical Music Performance.  Learn more about Nadia here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher

How to Use Conditional Reasoning to Crush LSAT Logic Games

How to Use Conditional Reasoning to Crush LSAT Logic Games LSAT Law School Blog The LSAT Logic Games section is the shortest section of the LSAT. Yet it often provokes the strongest feelings among LSAT test-takers. People either love this section, or they hate it. Both sides have a point. LSAT Logic Games either confuse or stimulate curiosity. The key to doing well on, and mastering, these Games is paying careful attention to detail. Pay very careful attention to the information these Games present, and extract as much additional data from that information as possible. One area where this skill can be applied is in conditional reasoning. The LSAT Logic Games section often uses conditional reasoning (e.g., If A, then B) to express one or more rules, ask questions, and, in the process, confuse students. The key to overcoming the LSAT’s use of conditional reasoning is to understand critical differences between conditional statements and then to use these statements to draw helpful inferences. What is Conditional Reasoning? Conditional reasoning is an area of logic that is prevalent mostly on the Logical Reasoning and Logic Games sections of the LSAT. It involves the use of “sufficient” and “necessary” conditions. Students should have a firm grasp of these concepts in general to perform well on the LSAT. A “sufficient” condition literally refers to something that is “enough.” It implies the existence of something else. On the LSAT, it will usually take the form of the statement “If A is in Group 1, then B is in Group 1.” That means that the condition “A is in Group 1” is sufficient for B to be in Group 1. In contrast, a “necessary” condition literally refers to something that is “required.” Unlike a sufficient condition, it does not yield an inference. Thus, the condition above that “B is in Group 1” does not mean that A is also in Group 1. It simply means that it is possible A could be in Group 1. How the LSAT Uses Conditional Reasoning to Confuse Students The LSAT will attempt to make students confuse something that is required for an event to occur for something that is sufficient for an event to occur, and vice versa. Let’s consider the following hypothetical example on an LSAT Logic Game: If Braden is placed in English 102, then Celeste is not placed in English 102. This is a common rule that appears on a Logic Game that involves pure grouping where certain variables are either “in or out” of a certain arrangement. This particular Game will usually entail some grouping of students in a class, and the rules that are provided will require you to plug in certain students in that class and exclude others. The rule above tells us that, if Braden is placed in English 102, that event implies that Celeste will not be placed in English 102. We would diagram this rule as follows: B -- C The contrapositive of this rule would be, “If Celeste is placed in English 102, then Braden is not placed in English 102.” We would diagram the contrapositive as follows: C -- B Now consider if one of the rules or questions in this Logic Game presented you with the following slightly different statement: If Braden is not placed in English 102, then Celeste must be placed in English 102. This is a slightly different statement, but it has major implications when it is applied. In contrast to the first rule above, this second rule tells us that, if Braden is not placed in English 102, then that event implies that Celeste will have to be placed in English 102. We would diagram this rule as follows: B -- C The contrapositive of this rule would be, “If Celeste is not placed in English 102, then Braden must be placed in English 102.” We would diagram it as follows: C -- B These two rules appear similar, but they apply themselves differently. The test writers will often try to confuse you with similarities like these. You will have to recognize the differences and diagram/document them correctly. How to Use Conditional Statements to Identify Scenarios Recognizing the differences between conditional statements is one thing. Using them to draw proper inferences is another animal altogether. This is where you earn your money on the LSAT. To perform well (or exceptionally well) on LSAT Logic Games, you need to infer additional rules from the rules that are provided. Developing and applying this skill will help you answer questions more quickly. If you are aiming for a very high score, it will, in part, mean the difference between missing a few questions on this section, and answering every question correctly. To draw proper inferences, it helps first to identify scenarios yielded by a given rule. Let’s do this with our first rule above: If Braden is placed in English 102, then Celeste is not placed in English 102. You will recall that we diagrammed this rule as follows: B -- C This rule yields FOUR potential scenarios. Your ability to recognize and document these four scenarios will determine how well you will perform on this particular Logic Game, and how quickly you can answer the questions. The four scenarios are the following: 1) B is placed in English 102; C is out This scenario is a straight application of the rule above. If B is placed in English 102, then C cannot be placed in the same class. Otherwise, it would be a violation of the rule. 2) C is placed in English 102; B is out This scenario is a straight application of the contrapositive of the rule above. If C (instead of B) is placed in English 102, then B cannot be placed in the same class. Otherwise, it would be a violation of the rule. 3) Both B and C are placed in English 102 = Not Possible This scenario is not possible and can never happen. Neither the rule (Scenario 1 above) nor its contrapositive (Scenario 2 above) permit this scenario from occurring. 4) Neither B nor C is placed in English 102 = Possible Although both B and C cannot be placed in English 102 (Scenario 3 above), it is possible for neither C nor C to be placed in English 102. The rule and its contrapositive do not prohibit this scenario. The rule applies only if either B or C is placed in English 102. If neither is placed in English 102, then the rule does not apply. If B was not placed in English 102, that does not mean C must automatically be placed in the class. Instead, C also could be excluded from English 102. Notice that these scenarios would not play out in the same way if, instead, we were dealing with a Logic Game that involved two separate groups (i.e., Team 1 or Team 2; or Group 1 or Group 2), where certain variables were either in one group or the other, as opposed to our Game above, where they are either “in or out.” In that case, the scenario where neither B nor C is selected would not be possible. However, here, it is possible because there is no other class (that we know of) where B or C could be placed. Our rule deals only with the people who are placed in English 102; it does not deal with the people who are not placed in English 102. Let’s now identify the scenarios yielded by our second rule: If Braden is not placed in English 102, then Celeste must be placed in English 102. You will recall that we diagrammed this rule as follows: B -- C Like our first rule, this rule yields FOUR potential scenarios: 1) B is not placed in English 102; C is placed in English 102 This scenario is a straight application of the rule above. If B is not placed in English 102, then C must be placed in the class. Otherwise, it would be a violation of the rule. 2) C is not placed in English 102; B is placed in English 102 This scenario is a straight application of the contrapositive of the rule above. If C (instead of B) is not placed in English 102, then B must be placed in the class. Otherwise, it would be a violation of the rule. 3) Neither B nor C is placed in English 102 = Not Possible This scenario is the opposite of our other Scenario 3. Whereas the former stated that placing both B and C in English 102 was not possible, this rule dictates that placing neither in English 102 is not possible. In other words, you can never have an English 102 class where both B and C are not placed in it. 4) Both B and C are placed in English 102 = Possible Although both B and C cannot be excluded from English 102 (Scenario 3 above), it is possible for both C and C to be placed in English 102. The rule and its contrapositive do not prohibit this scenario. The rule applies only if either B or C is not placed in English 102. If both are placed in English 102, then the rule does not apply. If B was placed in English 102, that does not mean C must automatically be excluded from the class. Instead, C also could be placed in English 102. Some students will get confused with this scenario and will not anticipate it. They will conclude that either B or C must be placed in English 102, but they will not conclude that both could be placed in the class. How to Use Conditional Statements to Draw Inferences As noted above, to perform well on LSAT Logic Games, you must draw as many inferences as possible from the rules provided. With respect to our first rule above (If Braden is placed in English 102, then Celeste is not placed in English 102; or B -- C), the first set of scenarios we predicted above help us draw two inferences: First, we can draw the inference that, at all times, at least either B or C will not be placed in English 102. This is reflected in Scenarios 1 and 2. When you diagram this Logic Game, you would make a note of this inference on your diagram. Second, we can draw the inference that there will never be a situation where both B and C are placed in English 102 (Scenario 3). Again, you would make a note of this inference on your diagram. Note that we cannot draw the inference that, at all times, at least either B or C will be placed in English 102. Rather, both could be excluded, as reflected by Scenario 4 above. With respect to our second rule above (If Braden is not placed in English 102, then Celeste must be placed in English 102; or B -- C), the second set of scenarios we predicted above also help us draw two inferences: First, we can draw the inference that, at all times, at least either B or C will be placed in English 102. This is reflected in Scenarios 1 and 2. You would make a note of this inference on your diagram. Second, we can draw the inference that there will never be a situation where neither B nor C is placed in English 102 (Scenario 3). You would note that as well on your diagram. Note that we cannot draw the inference that, at all times, at least either B or C will not be placed in English 102. Rather, both could be included, as reflected by Scenario 4. These are quick inferences you can make with this type of Logic Game. They don’t help you know everything about the Game, but they help you learn enough to help you answer certain questions rapidly. Conditional reasoning can often pose difficult problems for students. The key to overcoming these difficulties is to understand critical differences between conditional statements and then to use these statements to draw specific inferences that help you map out the possibilities in a Logic Game and then answer questions about those possibilities. About the Author: This article was written by Robert M. Fojo from LSAT Freedom. Robert graduated from Harvard Law School and is a co-founder of LSAT Freedom, an online LSAT prep course that emphasizes learning the logic on the exam and then applying that knowledge through practice with real LSAT questions. Robert frequently writes about tips and strategies for doing well on the LSAT. To get other helpful ideas for performing well on the LSAT and improving your score, join LSAT Freedom’s free newsletter hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(215486, '6baac2ae-05a3-4610-9d1f-265c8cbd809f', {});

Classroom Transitions

Classroom Transitions One challenge all teachers face is managing transitions from one activity to the next. That downtime can turn into class chatter and throw you completely off course. What can you do? Here are a few ideas for making those transitions smoother: Establish a stop talking cue. This might be ringing a bell or calling out a chant. Teach your students what this means early in the year so that they understand that your expectation when it happens is for everyone to be quiet and listen. Give time reminders. Abrupt changes are difficult for many students. Give five- and ten-minute warnings before you ask students to clean up or switch to something new. Have a plan for the early finishers. Students work at different paces. Let students know what they should do if they finish a task before others. This will help avoid such students getting fidgety and disturbing their peers. Develop routines. If youve been teaching for a while, you probably have routines well established. Take a good look at your day, though. Are there times where students are more disruptive or talkative than others? Consider giving a refresher on your expectations or trying a new routine. Use transitions as quick brain breaks. Sometimes, no matter how well you plan a transition, your students might need a breather. Use it as a chance to move around, do some jumping jacks, or take a quick walk up and down the hall. Hitting pause for a moment will do your students good. Managing transitions well is an important classroom management technique. Its all about setting expectations and holding students to them. Do that, and youll notice that your classroom runs more effectively and your students remain engaged.

5 Major Lessons You Learn From Your First Job

5 Major Lessons You Learn From Your First Job via Pexels.com 1. It’s okay to make mistakes. It’s your first day on the job, your manager has just finished explaining something a little too quickly, and you’re a ball of nervous energy. You aren’t 100 percent sure how the rest of the day will play out, and you just have a feeling that you’re going to mess up at some point. Take a deep breath and try to relax. Seeing as you’re the new kid on the block, you’re most likely not expected to pick up on everything right away. From time to time, you may even be expected to get confused or do something wrong. But it’s okay you are only human. If you have questions about something, it’s usually better to ask for clarification rather than fumble your way through. By keeping in mind that you’re allowed to make mistakes occasionally, you’ll realize from your first job that you are not expected to be perfect … and that will take a huge load off your shoulders. 2. Your attitude says a lot about you. Even if you’re not necessarily the most productive or most efficient at your job, you could still be known for having the best attitude in your workplace. Your approach to certain tasks allows others to recognize you for your positive attitude and your willingness to do well. If you show that you are eager, ready and willing to learn, and optimistic, that speaks volumes about what kind of person you are, which definitely goes off well with your boss and colleagues. What’s even more significant is that this lesson follows you outside of your job to other aspects of your life as well. No matter how “good” or “bad” you are at anything, the way you handle it says the most about your personality. via Pexels.com 3. Take notes. Whatever your own method of note-taking may be, it’s always important to jot down the important things. For example, if your first job is in a corporate office where you need to attend many tedious meetings, carrying around a notebook and pen is definitely a good idea. You probably won’t need to write down everything that’s being said, but having something to jot down notes can be extremely useful, especially when there’s a lot of material being discussed and you’ll need to remember it for later. 4. Paying attention to detail is important. No matter where you work, there will always be minutiae of the job that someone needs to pay attention to. Being detail-oriented in everything you do also reveals a lot about who you are, both as an employee and as an individual. If you are that person who pays attention to the little things and does everything meticulously, your actions will pay off in the future maybe not necessarily in your first job, but perhaps in other jobs that follow. 5. Hard work is supposed to be hard. “Hard work” means different things for different jobs, but when push comes to shove, you have no choice but to just do it. After all, your first job is most likely not going to be all butterflies and rainbows you may cry, you may feel frustrated and bewildered, you may even hate everything about it. But having the endurance to push through will leave you with a sense of accomplishment, knowing that you somehow did it despite the challenges you faced.

How to Have Fun with your Kids without Spending Money

How to Have Fun with your Kids without Spending Money Today Im here to tell you that you can have a fun time without spending money. Have you ever been in situation with your kids during summer break when they were telling you that everybody else was going away for the vacation. This can become a real problem over the summer break. Especially, if you dont have enough money to travel. So what should you do? Turn on your imagination. If you have a pool at the backyard, just perfect. Turn it into the Caribbean sea! Put different plants and flowers around. Buy black pirate hats for your kids. Hide the  treasure and let your kids run around pretending they are on a pirate ship as pirates. You can be captain Jack Sparrow:) If you cannot afford the transformation of your own backyard into the tropical paradise. Then go to the neighborhood  park. They are free and open to the public. They might have a playground, field or track. Something to let the kids release the extra energy. You will be happy when they fall asleep earlier in the evening. You should actively engage the kids with whatever it is you are going to do. Discuss your plans with them, or even let them decide which a low-cost activity to choose. Youll be surprised how many ideas your kids have. Choosing low cost  activities it is also an important lesson. You are showing your kids that you dont always have to spend money in order to have a fun time with your family. If you are desperate to drag your kids away from the game console read this article Angry Birds Help Parents to Entertain Kids this Summer. How to Have Fun with your Kids without Spending Money Today Im here to tell you that you can have a fun time without spending money. Have you ever been in situation with your kids during summer break when they were telling you that everybody else was going away for the vacation. This can become a real problem over the summer break. Especially, if you dont have enough money to travel. So what should you do? Turn on your imagination. If you have a pool at the backyard, just perfect. Turn it into the Caribbean sea! Put different plants and flowers around. Buy black pirate hats for your kids. Hide the  treasure and let your kids run around pretending they are on a pirate ship as pirates. You can be captain Jack Sparrow:) If you cannot afford the transformation of your own backyard into the tropical paradise. Then go to the neighborhood  park. They are free and open to the public. They might have a playground, field or track. Something to let the kids release the extra energy. You will be happy when they fall asleep earlier in the evening. You should actively engage the kids with whatever it is you are going to do. Discuss your plans with them, or even let them decide which a low-cost activity to choose. Youll be surprised how many ideas your kids have. Choosing low cost  activities it is also an important lesson. You are showing your kids that you dont always have to spend money in order to have a fun time with your family. If you are desperate to drag your kids away from the game console read this article Angry Birds Help Parents to Entertain Kids this Summer.

Top things to do in Abu Dhabi

Top things to do in Abu Dhabi If you’re thinking of heading overseas to teach in Abu Dhabi, you’re likely in the process to searching for what you’d spend your out-of-class time doing while there. To give you an idea of the wide array of things to see and do, we’ve put together a list of our favorites. One thing’s for sure: Abu Dhabi is likely to be one of your most memorable teach abroad experiences. Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque--Considered the key worship center in the country, the Sheikh Zayed Mosque is the eighth largest mosque in the world and the largest in the UAE. It also incorporates architectural materials from all over the world. You’ve likely seen photos of the mosque if you’ve Googled Abu Dhabi at all, but seeing it in person is something entirely different. Observation Deck at 300 -- If you’re looking for a different view of the city and a whole new dining experience, try the Observation Deck. Found on the 74th level of the Jumeirah at Etihad Towers, the Observation Deck is the highest vantage point in Abu Dhabi where visitors can enjoy the ‘highest High Tea’ in the world. Yas Island -- If you’re looking for a great place to escape the heat and have some fun for an afternoon (or a full day!), visit Yas Island. Yas Waterworld has 43 rides, 5 of which are unique to this water park, and a pearl diving experience. There’s also Ferrari World, with 20 more rides to enjoy including Formula Rossa, the world’s fastest rollercoaster. Emirates Park Zoo -- If it’s wildlife you’re looking for, you’ll find no shortage of it at the Emirates Park Zoo. With elephant encounters, giraffe feedings, a sea lion show, and a full-scale aquarium, the zoo is both an educational and entertaining way to spend the day. Corniche Beach -- Looking for some chill-out time after a busy day at school? Head to Abu Dhabi’s 2 km unisex public beach parallel to the Corniche. It just opened last year and there are plans to add activities to the beach including sports facilities and kayaks. Mangrove Lagoon National Park -- For the eco-adventurers, there’s the Eastern Mangrove Lagoon National Park, which stretches 8 km along Eastern Ring Road in Abu Dhabi. The mangroves are home to 200 fish and 50 bird species, bottlenose dolphins, and dugongs. Etihad Modern Art Gallery -- As one of the most dynamic art galleries in Abu Dhabi, Etihad Modern Art is a must-see for those interested in experiencing the city’s art scene. Aspiring to promote local art, the gallery showcases the works of both emerging and acclaimed artists. Also offered are workshops and art classes for those looking for a little extra-curricular activity. Desert Safaris -- An absolute must for travelers, a desert safari in and around Abu Dhabi has all the elements any good adventure needs. With several options including Liwa desert safaris, Hatta Mountain safaris, skydiving, hot air balloon tours, and much more. If we’ve piqued your interest and you’d like to browse through the current positions that we have in Abu Dhabi, visit our job board.